雷基林,李杰,刘懿,等.基于Al2O3纳米流体冷却液的质子交换膜燃料电池传热及输出性能评估[J].内燃机工程,2025,46(4):149-158.
基于Al2O3纳米流体冷却液的质子交换膜燃料电池传热及输出性能评估
Heat Transfer and Output Performance Evaluation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Based on Al2O3 Nanofluid Coolant
DOI：10.13949/j.cnki.nrjgc.2025.04.016
关键词:质子交换膜燃料电池  Al2O3纳米流体  传热  功耗比
Key Words:proton exchange membrane fuel cell（PEMFC）  Al2O3 nanofluid  heat transfer  power consumption ratio
基金项目:云南省省市一体化专项项目（202202AC080004）；云南省基础研究项目（202201BE070001-034）
作者单位E-mail
雷基林* 昆明理工大学 云南省内燃机重点实验室，昆明 650500 leijilin@kust.edu.cn 
李杰 昆明理工大学 云南省内燃机重点实验室，昆明 650500 2506040683@qq.com 
刘懿* 昆明理工大学 云南省内燃机重点实验室，昆明 650500 lqyi@kust.edu.cn 
戈志晖 昆明理工大学 云南省内燃机重点实验室，昆明 650500 1787586152@qq.com 
杞卓玲 昆明理工大学 云南省内燃机重点实验室，昆明 650500 2962659567@qq.com 
邓晰文 昆明理工大学 云南省内燃机重点实验室，昆明 650500 xiwen@kust.edu.cn 
王东方 昆明理工大学 云南省内燃机重点实验室，昆明 650500 df_wang@kust.edu.cn 
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摘要:构建了一个耦合冷却通道的三维多相非等温质子交换膜燃料电池（proton exchange membrane fuel cell， PEMFC）电化学模型，探讨Al2O3纳米流体对PEMFC传热及输出性能的影响。通过膜平均温度、膜平均水含量、膜均匀温度指数（index of uniform temperature， IUT）来评估传热性能，并通过净功率密度及功耗比评估在PEMFC冷却系统中使用Al2O3纳米流体的可行性。结果表明，Al2O3纳米流体表现出比乙二醇冷却液更优异的冷却性能，其在冷却液低流速范围内的冷却性能更加突出，使膜平均温度显著降低，从而提高膜平均水含量。然而，该纳米流体冷却液在提升冷却效果的同时可能会引起膜温度分布均匀性的下降。具体而言，当冷却液流速为0.1 m/s，输出电压为0.6 V时，膜平均温度由359.66 K降至353.10 K，膜平均水含量从9.91增至11.53，而IUT由1.71上升至1.96。Al2O3纳米流体能够在冷却液低流速范围内显著提高PEMFC的输出性能，使净功率密度上升约3.3%。此外，在相同冷却条件下，Al2O3纳米流体能够在改善PEMFC冷却性能的同时降低由冷却液引起的寄生功率。
Abstract:A three-dimensional multiphase non-isothermal proton exchange membrane fuel cell（PEMFC） electrochemical model with coupled cooling channels was developed to investigate the effect of Al2O3 nanofluids on the heat transfer and output performance of the PEMFC. The heat transfer performance was evaluated by using the average membrane temperature， average membrane water content， and the index of uniform temperature（IUT）， while the feasibility of using Al2O3 nanofluids in the PEMFC cooling system was assessed based on net power density and power consumption ratio. The results indicate that Al2O3 nanofluids exhibit superior cooling performance compared to ethylene glycol coolant， with particularly enhanced cooling effects at lower coolant flow velocities， significantly reducing the average membrane temperature， thus increasing the average membrane water content. However， while the nanofluid coolant enhances the cooling effect， it may also lead to a decrease in the uniformity of the membrane temperature distribution. Specifically， when the coolant flow velocity was 0.1 m/s and the output voltage was 0.6 V， the average membrane temperature decreased from 359.66 K to 353.10 K， the average membrane water content increased from 9.91 to 11.53， and the IUT rose from 1.71 to 1.96. Al2O3 nanofluids can significantly improve the output performance of the PEMFC at low coolant flow velocities， leading to an increase of approximately 3.3% in net power density. Furthermore， under identical cooling conditions， Al2O3 nanofluids can enhance the cooling efficiency of the PEMFC while simultaneously reducing the parasitic power caused by the coolant.
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