张亮亮,李民,刘亚辉,等.38MnVS6Ti低合金钢活塞表面莱氏体形成机理及改善[J].内燃机工程,2025,46(4):190-199.
38MnVS6Ti低合金钢活塞表面莱氏体形成机理及改善
Formation Mechanism and Improvement of Ledeburite on the Surface of a 38MnVS6Ti Low Alloy Steel Piston
DOI：10.13949/j.cnki.nrjgc.2025.04.020
关键词:亚共析低合金钢  钢质活塞  生锈  莱氏体  磷化  温度  脱模剂
Key Words:hypoeutectoid low alloy  steel piston  rust  ledeburite  phosphating  temperature  mold release agent
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51906061）；河南省重点研发与推广专项项目（232102320212）
作者单位E-mail
张亮亮* 河南科技大学 车辆与交通工程学院，洛阳 471003
中内凯思汽车新动力系统有限公司，焦作 454750 		382132209@qq.com 
李民 河南科技大学 车辆与交通工程学院，洛阳 471003 limin@haust.edu.cn 
刘亚辉* 中内凯思汽车新动力系统有限公司，焦作 454750 yahui_liu2012@163.com 
王鑫 河南科技大学 车辆与交通工程学院，洛阳 471003 limin@haust.edu.cn 
杜慧勇 河南科技大学 车辆与交通工程学院，洛阳 471003 limin@haust.edu.cn 
刘一村 中内凯思汽车新动力系统有限公司，焦作 454750 382132209@qq.com 
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摘要:为探究38MnVS6Ti亚共析低合金钢活塞表面局部位置疑似生锈问题，对疑似生锈活塞进行了金相组织、显微硬度、表面形貌及能谱等综合检测分析，结果表明活塞局部生锈位置表层存在莱氏体组织。通过对钢活塞制造工艺及过程进行综合分析，发现原锻造工艺过程中模具表面喷洒的高碳脱模剂进入毛坯局部高温表面氧化皮熔化后的铁液中，形成高碳铁液，高碳铁液在毛坯锻造过程中发生共晶反应形成高温莱氏体组织，高温莱氏体在锻造毛坯控温冷却后形成了室温莱氏体。通过采取降低锻造温度和稀释脱模剂的措施可以降低活塞毛坯表面温度及表面碳含量，从而阻断钢活塞局部表面莱氏体形成条件，消除莱氏体组织。优化后的活塞锻造工艺已经过实际生产验证，验证结果表明改善后的锻造工艺可以解决因莱氏体导致的钢活塞局部生锈问题。
Abstract:In order to explore the suspected rust problem of local position on the surface of 38MnVS6Ti hypoeutectoid low alloy steel piston， the metallographic structure， microhardness， surface morphology and energy spectrum of the suspected rusted piston were comprehensively tested and analyzed. The results show that there is ledeburite structure on the surface of the local rust position of the piston. Through a comprehensive analysis of the manufacturing process and process of steel pistons， it is found that the high-carbon release agent sprays on the surface of the mold during the original forging process entered the molten iron after the partial high-temperature surface oxide of the blank melted， forming a high-carbon molten iron. The high-carbon molten iron undergoes eutectic reaction during the forging process of the blank to form a high-temperature ledeburite structure. The high-temperature ledeburite forms a room-temperature ledeburite after the forging blank is cooled at a controlled temperature. By reducing the forging temperature and diluting the release agent， the surface temperature and surface carbon content of the piston blank can be reduced， thereby blocking the formation conditions of the ledeburite on the local surface of the steel piston and eliminating the ledeburite structure. The optimized piston forging process has been verified by actual production. The verification results show that the improved forging process can solve the local rust problem of steel piston caused by ledeburite.
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