杨靖，吴杰，张勇，陶文祝，范相彬，解鹏.活塞摩擦与敲击特性关键影响参数的优化研究[J].内燃机工程,2021,42(2):95-103.
活塞摩擦与敲击特性关键影响参数的优化研究
Optimization Study on Key Parameters Influencing Friction and Slap Characteristics of Pistons
DOI：10.13949/j.cnki.nrjgc.2021.02.013
关键词:活塞  敲击能  摩擦损失  响应面  多目标优化
Key Words:piston  slap energy  friction loss  response surface  multi-objective optimization
基金项目:重庆市研究生科研创新项目（CYS18303）
作者单位
杨靖，吴杰，张勇，陶文祝，范相彬，解鹏 1. 重庆理工大学 车辆工程学院，重庆 400054；2. 重庆理工大学 汽车零部件先进制造技术教育部重点实验室，重庆 400054 
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摘要:鉴于活塞摩擦磨损、敲击对发动机综合性能的影响，针对某小型汽油机活塞存在的早期异常磨损现象，通过搭建活塞动力学仿真模型，从敲击、摩擦产生的诸多因素入手，将其影响因子逐一进行研究分析。提出一种利用响应面模型对活塞摩擦与敲击特性关键影响参数进行优化的研究方法，建立了以活塞型线、配缸间隙、活塞销偏置、曲轴偏置为优化设计变量，以敲击能峰值最低和摩擦损失最小为优化目标的多目标优化模型。研究结果表明：所研究的发动机在最大转矩工况下，优化后的设计参数匹配可使活塞组摩擦损失降低9.13%，最大敲击能降低29.20%。最终对优化样机进行了台架试验验证，优化后发动机功率平均提升2.37%，转矩平均提升2.54%，机械效率平均提升2.06%，燃油消耗率平均降低1.19%,活塞磨损情况得到改善。
Abstract:As friction,wear and slap of pistons has adverse impact on the comprehensive performance of the engine, the early abnormal wear phenomenon of a small gasoline engine piston was studied. By building a dynamics simulation model of piston, the impact factors of slapping and friction were analyzed. A method of optimizing the key influencing parameters of piston friction and slap characteristics by using response surface model is proposed. To improve piston friction and slap characteristics, the multi-objective optimization model is established by taking piston profile, cylinder clearance, piston pin offset and crankshaft offset as optimization design variables, and taking the minimum value of kinetic energy peak value and the minimum friction loss as optimization objectives. The optimization results show that the optimized design parameter matching can reduce the friction loss of piston group by 9.13% and the maximum slap energy by 29.20% under the maximum torque condition of the studied engine. Finally, the bench test is carried out in the optimized prototype. The test results show that the engine power, torque and mechanical efficiency averagely increase by 2.37%, 2.54% and 2.06% respectively， while the fuel consumption rate decreases by 1.19% on average and the wear condition of the piston was improved.
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